![A high viewpoint overlooking a landscape, inviting reflection](https://viacara.com/img/content/approaches-humanistic-feature-light.webp)

# Humanistic Therapy

Learn how humanistic therapy sees you as a whole person, what happens in a session, who it tends to suit and what the research covers.

## What is humanistic therapy?

Humanistic therapy is a broad family of approaches that share a core belief: you have an innate drive toward growth and fulfilment. Rather than focusing on what is wrong, humanistic therapy focuses on your potential. It sees you as a whole person, not a collection of symptoms.

The tradition includes [person-centred therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/person-centred/), [gestalt therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/gestalt-therapy/), [transpersonal therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/transpersonal-therapy/) and the approaches below. What unites them is a focus on your lived experience and your own capacity for self-awareness.

[Existential therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/existential-therapy/) grew from the same roots and has its own page.

![Looking outward from a place of stillness](https://viacara.com/img/content/approaches-humanistic-mid-light.webp)

Humanistic therapy focuses on your potential for growth and self-understanding

## What sessions look like

Sessions typically last 50 minutes. There is no fixed structure in most of these approaches, and no homework or treatment plan in the conventional sense. Your therapist will engage with you as an equal, exploring your experience through genuine dialogue rather than applying techniques.

The person in *humanistic* work

- **Lived experience** The therapist listens to how the client experiences their life.
- **Choices and meaning** They explore what matters to the client and how they want to live.
- **The whole person** The work considers the person beyond a single problem or behaviour.

Humanistic therapy is a family of approaches, including person-centred and gestalt work. It is not one set of techniques.

Gestalt therapy may involve more experiential work, such as paying attention to your body sensations, using role-play or working with the "empty chair" technique (addressing an imagined person).

Most humanistic approaches stay firmly in the present moment. The question is not "what happened to you?" but "what is happening for you now?"

Sources: [BACP: types of therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-14), [UKCP: approaches](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-15)

## Who is it best suited to?

Humanistic therapy may suit you if you:

- Feel stuck or unfulfilled despite having a life that looks fine from the outside
- Are going through a major life transition (career change, retirement, relationship ending)
- Want to explore questions of identity, meaning or purpose
- Are dealing with grief or loss
- Prefer depth and exploration over structured problem-solving
- Want a therapist who relates to you as an equal, not an expert

These approaches suit people who are drawn to self-understanding rather than symptom management. If you are looking for practical techniques for a specific problem, [CBT](https://viacara.com/approaches/cbt/) or [integrative therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/integrative/) may be a better starting point.

## How it differs from other approaches

Humanistic therapy is less directive than [CBT](https://viacara.com/approaches/cbt/) and less focused on the past than [psychodynamic therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/psychodynamic/). It trusts your ability to find your own answers rather than providing solutions. The therapist's role is to walk alongside you, not to guide you.

## *Experiential* therapy

Experiential therapy is a family of talking therapies that grew from person-centred counselling. Your therapist listens closely and helps you explore feelings as they come up, to find what they mean.

Working with *felt experience*

- **Feelings now** The therapist helps the client explore feelings as they arise.
- **Personal meaning** Together they explore what those feelings mean to the client.

Experiential approaches share person-centred roots. Some add focused tasks; the exact work depends on the approach.

One form, emotion-focused therapy, uses chairwork. You speak from two chairs, giving each side of a feeling its own voice. It is a different therapy from [emotionally focused therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/emotionally-focused-therapy/) for couples.

The NHS form is counselling for depression. Your counsellor helps you explore your feelings but gives no specific advice on changing what you do. For less severe depression, NICE describes a usual course of 8 sessions.

For more severe depression, NICE describes a longer course, usually twelve to sixteen sessions. NHS Talking Therapies lists this counselling among its high-intensity treatments for depression.

8

sessions for less severe depression

usual course [NICE NG222](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-5)

12-16

sessions for more severe depression

usual course [NICE NG222](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-5)

NICE says counselling that follows a protocol developed for depression can be used as a first treatment. The service delivers it in this person-centred experiential form.

A UK trial called PRaCTICED randomised 510 adults in an NHS service in Sheffield. The trial found this counselling no worse than CBT at six months. By twelve months, the trial found CBT ahead.

510

adults randomised to counselling or CBT

PRaCTICED trial, Sheffield [Barkham et al. 2021](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-7)

A 2024 review of seventeen trials found these therapies did better than usual care at the end of treatment. The same review found them level with other therapies at the end, and behind at follow-up. Its authors flagged imprecision and risk of bias in the trials.

Sources: [BACP: PCE-CfD](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-4), [NICE NG222](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-5), [Ottingerová et al. 2026](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-6), [NHS England: talking therapies manual](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-3), [Barkham et al. 2021](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-7), [Duffy et al. 2024](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-8)

## *Reality* therapy

Reality therapy comes from the American psychiatrist William Glasser. It rests on his choice theory, which says everything you do is your best attempt to get what you want. Behind that sit five basic needs: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun.

The *WDEP* framework

1. **Wants** The therapist explores what the client wants.
2. **Doing** They discuss what the client currently does.
3. **Evaluation** The client considers how those actions relate to their aims.
4. **Planning** They work on a practical plan for different actions.

Reality therapy uses this structured framework. Its focus on present actions differs from more open-ended humanistic exploration.

Unlike most of this family, it follows a set structure. Your therapist works through four steps known by their initials as WDEP: wants, doing, evaluation and planning.

The evaluation step is the core of the method. You look at how well your current actions get you what you want. Then you make plans that are specific and achievable.

The William Glasser Institute UK aims much of its training at educators, youth workers, team leaders and coaches. Its certificate states that it is not a licence to practise counselling or psychotherapy. A separate four-year programme leads to psychotherapist accreditation.

Research on it is limited. A 2021 review of group reality therapy for teenagers and young adults found eight studies that met its criteria. Its authors called for stronger trial designs.

In UK health care it has little formal standing. NICE does not name it in its guidance on depression, and the NHS Talking Therapies manual does not list it. Neither BACP nor UKCP lists it as an approach.

Sources: [Glasser Institute: choice theory](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-9), [APA: reality therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-10), [BACP: types of therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-14), [Glasser Institute UK: training](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-11), [Glasser Institute UK: CTRTC](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-12), [Dursun & Gamsız Tunç 2021](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-13), [NICE NG222](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-5), [NHS England: talking therapies manual](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-3), [UKCP: approaches](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-15)

## The evidence

Humanistic therapies have been studied for depression, anxiety and interpersonal difficulties. Elliott and colleagues (2004, 2013) found outcomes comparable to CBT across a range of conditions.

For depression, PRaCTICED found CBT ahead at twelve months. The 2024 review found other therapies ahead at follow-up.

Sources: [Barkham et al. 2021](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-7), [Duffy et al. 2024](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#ref-8)

On this page

[What is humanistic therapy?](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#what-is-humanistic-therapy) [What sessions look like](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#what-sessions-look-like) [Who is it best suited to?](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#who-is-it-best-suited-to) [How it differs from other approaches](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#how-it-differs-from-other-approaches) [Experiential therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#experiential-therapy) [Reality therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#reality-therapy) [The evidence](https://viacara.com/approaches/humanistic/#the-evidence)

Related

[Person-Centred Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/person-centred/) [Gestalt Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/gestalt-therapy/) [Existential Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/existential-therapy/) [Transpersonal Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/transpersonal-therapy/) [Psychodynamic Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/psychodynamic/) [Understanding Different Approaches](https://viacara.com/guides/understanding-approaches/) [Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT, not EMDR)](https://viacara.com/approaches/emotionally-focused-therapy/)

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## References

1. Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S. & Lietaer, G. (2004). *Research on experiential psychotherapies*. Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change.
2. Elliott, R., Watson, J. C., Greenberg, L. S., Timulak, L. & Freire, E. (2013). *Research on humanistic-experiential psychotherapies*. Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change.
3. NHS England (2024). *NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression manual, version 7*. [england.nhs.uk (PDF)](https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/nhs-talking-therapies-manual-v7.1-updated.pdf)
4. British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (n.d.). *Person-centred experiential counselling for depression (PCE-CfD)*. [bacp.co.uk](https://www.bacp.co.uk/events-and-resources/ethics-and-standards/competences-and-curricula/pce-cfd/)
5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2022). *Depression in adults: treatment and management (NG222)*. [nice.org.uk](https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222)
6. Ottingerová, L., Halamová, J. & Szitás, D. (2026). *Experiential therapies including chairwork: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials*. Frontiers in Psychology. [doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1692630](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1692630)
7. Barkham, M., Saxon, D., Hardy, G. E. and colleagues (2021). *Person-centred experiential therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for moderate or severe depression (PRaCTICED): A pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority trial*. The Lancet Psychiatry. [doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00083-3](https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00083-3)
8. Duffy, K. E. M., Simmonds-Buckley, M., Haake, R., Delgadillo, J. & Barkham, M. (2024). *The efficacy of individual humanistic-experiential therapies for the treatment of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials*. Psychotherapy Research. [doi:10.1080/10503307.2023.2227757](https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2023.2227757)
9. William Glasser Institute (n.d.). *Quickstart guide to choice theory*. [wglasser.com](https://wglasser.com/quickstart-guide-to-choice-theory/)
10. American Psychological Association (2007). *Reality therapy, with Robert E. Wubbolding*. [apa.org](https://www.apa.org/pubs/videos/4310784)
11. William Glasser Institute UK (n.d.). *Choice theory training*. [wgi-uk.co.uk](https://wgi-uk.co.uk/)
12. William Glasser Institute UK (n.d.). *Choice Theory and Reality Therapy Certification (CTRTC)*. [choicetheory.co.uk](https://www.choicetheory.co.uk/ctrtc)
13. Dursun, A. & Gamsız Tunç, Ö. (2021). *Group interventions based on reality therapy for adolescents and young adults: A systematic review*. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education. [doi:10.17679/inuefd.951530](https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.951530)
14. British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (n.d.). *Types of therapy: An A-Z of therapeutic approaches*. [bacp.co.uk](https://www.bacp.co.uk/about-therapy/types-of-therapy/)
15. UK Council for Psychotherapy (n.d.). *Psychotherapy approaches*. [psychotherapy.org.uk](https://www.psychotherapy.org.uk/psychotherapy-training/psychotherapy-approaches/)

## Related

### [Person-Centred Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/person-centred/)

Learn how person-centred therapy works, what sessions look like and why the relationship with your therapist matters most.

### [Gestalt Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/gestalt-therapy/)

Learn how gestalt therapy works with what you notice here and now, what the empty chair is, who it suits and what the research shows.

### [Existential Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/existential-therapy/)

Learn how existential therapy explores meaning, freedom and mortality, what sessions are like, who it suits and what the research shows.

### [Transpersonal Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/transpersonal-therapy/)

Learn how transpersonal therapy makes room for spiritual experience and meaning, including psychosynthesis and core process psychotherapy.

### [Psychodynamic Therapy](https://viacara.com/approaches/psychodynamic/)

Learn how psychodynamic therapy works, what to expect in sessions and how exploring your past can change your present.

### [Understanding Different Approaches](https://viacara.com/guides/understanding-approaches/)

A plain-English guide to the main therapeutic approaches including CBT, person-centred therapy, psychodynamic and integrative methods.

### [Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT, not EMDR)](https://viacara.com/approaches/emotionally-focused-therapy/)

Learn how emotionally focused therapy works for couples and families, how it differs from EMDR and tapping, and what the research shows.